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RMS Windsor Castle (1959)
RMS ''Windsor Castle'' was the largest passenger and cargo liner operated by the Union-Castle Line on its Cape Mail service between Britain and South Africa. Completed in 1960, the new Royal Mail Ship was notable for the high standard, if conservative, design of her public rooms in a "traditional" first class and "contemporary" tourist class configuration, which by clever arrangement, afforded both classes public rooms and open-deck areas facing forward and aft. The spacious passenger lounges and dining rooms were designed by eminent British architects. ''Windsor Castle'' was air-conditioned throughout the passenger and crew areas. Facilities included a fully equipped hospital, two outdoor swimming pools, a health spa and a theatre/cinema. A large amount of dry and refrigerated cargo space, cargo wine tanks and a specie (bullion) room, were also fitted.
==Concept and construction==
The steam-turbine engined, ''Windsor Castle'' was the second in a series of three ships planned by Union-Castle in the 1950s as replacements for the company's oldest ships , and . ''Windsor Castle'' was preceded by (delivered in 1958) and followed by (delivered in 1961).
In January 1956, Union-Castle merged with Cayzer, Irvine & Co Ltd's Clan Line and a number of other lines to form British and Commonwealth Shipping, although the constituents retained their individual identities. By the time the merger was finalised, the keel of ''Pendennis Castle'' had already been laid at Union-Castle's usually contracted builders Harland and Wolff - in November 1955. Initially conceived as a sister to the 1948 built ''Pretoria Castle'' and ''Edinburgh Castle'', new owners B&C required substantial improvements to the plans for the ship, including lengthening the hull some to enable fin stabilisers to be fitted. Industrial disputes at Harland and Wolff delayed the construction of ''Pendennis Castle'', culminating in the vessel being launched without ceremony on Christmas Eve 1957, 14 days after her naming and blessing. She was the last Union-Castle ship to be built at the Belfast yard. ''Windsor Castle'' thus became the first passenger, cargo and mail vessel for the South African service, ordered from inception by B&C and was a very different (and more modern) ship than her predecessors
The last flagship of the Union-Castle Line was built by Cammell Laird Shipbuilders at Birkenhead, Merseyside and launched on 23 June 1959 by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. ''Windsor Castle'' - the only Union-Castle ship ordered from Cammell Laird - was also briefly the largest liner built in England, until surpassed by the Orient Line's launched on 3 November 1959.
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